VAT calculator
VAT (value-added tax) is the sales tax most countries outside the US build into the shelf price. Paste one price or a whole price list, then click countries on the map to see each price with and without VAT, side by side, and download the table as a CSV.
VAT (value-added tax) is the sales tax most countries outside the US build into the shelf price. Add it to a price, or take it out of one, for any country you sell to.
One price, or a whole column pasted from a spreadsheet.
Click countries to compare: none yet
- Higher standard rate, up to 27%
- Lower
- Picked
Pick from a list, with Malta and Singapore
Pick a country on the map or from the list to see each price with and without its VAT. Pick several to compare them side by side.
What a 100.00 net price costs the shopper, by country
- Hungary127.00
- Finland125.50
- Croatia125.00
- Denmark125.00
- Sweden125.00
- Estonia124.00
- Greece124.00
- Ireland123.00
- Poland123.00
- Portugal123.00
- Slovakia123.00
- Italy122.00
- Slovenia122.00
- Belgium121.00
- Czech Republic121.00
- Latvia121.00
- Lithuania121.00
- Netherlands121.00
- Romania121.00
- Spain121.00
- Austria120.00
- Bulgaria120.00
- France120.00
- Cyprus119.00
- Germany119.00
- Malta118.00
- Luxembourg117.00
Same net price, different shelf price: shoppers in high-VAT countries see a bigger number. Selling to EU consumers from another EU country? Past €10,000 a year of those sales in total, you charge each buyer’s rate through the One-Stop Shop. The One-Stop Shop (OSS) is the EU’s single VAT return: register in one country and pay every EU country’s VAT through it, instead of registering in each.
VAT rates by country
Standard and reduced rates. Which goods get a reduced rate is set by each country.
| Country | Standard rate | Reduced rates |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | 20% | 13%, 10% |
| Belgium | 21% | 12%, 6% |
| Bulgaria | 20% | 9% |
| Croatia | 25% | 13%, 5% |
| Cyprus | 19% | 9%, 5% |
| Czech Republic | 21% | 12% |
| Denmark | 25% | None |
| Estonia | 24% | 13%, 9% |
| Finland | 25.5% | 13.5%, 10% |
| France | 20% | 10%, 5.5%, 2.1% |
| Germany | 19% | 7% |
| Greece | 24% | 13%, 6% |
| Hungary | 27% | 18%, 5% |
| Ireland | 23% | 13.5%, 9%, 4.8% |
| Italy | 22% | 10%, 5%, 4% |
| Latvia | 21% | 12%, 5% |
| Lithuania | 21% | 9%, 5% |
| Luxembourg | 17% | 14%, 8%, 3% |
| Malta | 18% | 12%, 7%, 5% |
| Netherlands | 21% | 9% |
| Poland | 23% | 8%, 5% |
| Portugal | 23% | 13%, 6% |
| Romania | 21% | 11% |
| Slovakia | 23% | 19%, 5% |
| Slovenia | 22% | 9.5%, 5% |
| Spain | 21% | 10%, 4% |
| Sweden | 25% | 12%, 6% |
| Country | Standard rate | Reduced rates |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20% | 5% |
| Norway | 25% | 15%, 12% |
| Switzerland | 8.1% | 3.8%, 2.6% |
| Iceland | 24% | 11% |
| Turkey | 20% | 10%, 1% |
| Country | Standard rate | Reduced rates |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | 10% | None |
| Canada (federal GST) | 5% | None |
| Japan | 10% | 8% |
| New Zealand | 15% | None |
| Singapore | 9% | None |
| South Africa | 15% | None |
How to read your number
VAT (value-added tax) is a consumption tax added to the price of most goods and services, which the seller collects and pays to the government. At the UK's 20% standard rate, 100 before VAT becomes 120 with VAT: 20 of tax on top. Going the other way, 120 including VAT is 120 ÷ 1.2 = 100 before VAT. Taking 20% off 120 gives 96, which is wrong: VAT is a share of the net price, not of the total.
Why it matters
In Europe, prices shown to consumers must include VAT, so the number on your product page is the gross price and your revenue is the net. Pricing a product at €29 in Germany and in Hungary leaves you €24.37 and €22.83: the same sticker, a different margin. Working from the net price per country tells you what you actually keep.
Automations
Check your VAT on a schedule
Describe the job once. Replo runs it on your data from Shopify, Google Drive and Slack and posts what needs your attention.
Formula
Price with VAT = net price × (1 + VAT rate). Net price = price with VAT ÷ (1 + VAT rate)
VAT amount = net price × rate, or price with VAT − net price. A 20% rate means a VAT-inclusive price holds 20 ÷ 120 = 1/6 VAT, not 20%.
Other ways to calculate VAT
- Add VAT
- gross = net × (1 + rate)
- Setting a consumer price from the net price you want to keep, or invoicing a business customer.
- Remove VAT (reverse VAT)
- net = gross ÷ (1 + rate)
- Finding your revenue in a VAT-inclusive price, or reading a receipt.
- VAT fraction of a gross price
- VAT = gross × rate ÷ (100 + rate)
- Quick check of the tax inside a total: at 20%, VAT is 1/6 of the gross; at 25%, 1/5.
- Reverse charge (B2B)
- VAT charged = 0; the business buyer accounts for it
- Selling to a VAT-registered business in another EU country: invoice without VAT and note the reverse charge.
What is VAT?
Value-added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax charged on most goods and services sold to consumers, collected by the seller and paid to the government. Each business in the chain charges VAT on its sales and reclaims the VAT on its purchases, so the tax lands on the final buyer.
More than 170 countries use VAT or a similar goods and services tax (GST). In the EU every country must charge a standard rate of at least 15% and may set up to two reduced rates of at least 5% for listed goods such as food, books and medicine.
Do you charge VAT when selling abroad?
- Selling from one EU country to consumers in others: below €10,000 a year of these cross-border sales in total, charge your home country's VAT. Above it, charge each buyer's country rate and declare it all through the One-Stop Shop (OSS) in your home country.
- Shipping into the EU from outside it: for consignments of €150 or less, the Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) lets you charge the buyer's VAT at checkout so the parcel clears customs without fees. Above €150, VAT and duty are charged at import.
- Selling into the UK from abroad: there is no registration threshold for overseas sellers. On goods of £135 or less sent to UK consumers, the seller (or marketplace) charges UK VAT at checkout.
- Selling to businesses: cross-border B2B sales within the EU usually use the reverse charge, so you don't add VAT.
How to calculate VAT: a worked example
A store sells a product at 100 before VAT to a UK customer, at the UK's 20% standard rate. Separately, it has a receipt for 120 including VAT.
- Add VAT: 100 × 1.20 = 120, so 20 of VAT
- Remove VAT: 120 ÷ 1.20 = 100 before VAT
- VAT inside 120 = 120 × 20 ÷ 120 = 20
100 net is 120 gross at 20%, and 120 gross holds 20 of VAT, not 24.
How to set prices across VAT rates
Pick one of two strategies. Either keep one consumer price everywhere (€29 in every country) and accept a different net price per country, or keep one net price and let the shelf price change. Most stores keep round local prices for conversion and check the net per country.
Check your lowest-margin market. Hungary's 27% rate takes the most out of a fixed price; Luxembourg's 17% the least. Work out the net price where VAT is highest, then make sure your margin still works there. The product pricing calculator does the margin side.
This page is an estimate, not tax advice. Rates and the goods each rate covers change; confirm them with the country's tax authority before you file.
| Country | Standard rate | Reduced rates |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | 20% | 13%, 10% |
| Belgium | 21% | 12%, 6% |
| Bulgaria | 20% | 9% |
| Croatia | 25% | 13%, 5% |
| Cyprus | 19% | 9%, 5% |
| Czech Republic | 21% | 12% |
| Denmark | 25% | None |
| Estonia | 24% | 13%, 9% |
| Finland | 25.5% | 13.5%, 10% |
| France | 20% | 10%, 5.5%, 2.1% |
| Germany | 19% | 7% |
| Greece | 24% | 13%, 6% |
| Hungary | 27% | 18%, 5% |
| Ireland | 23% | 13.5%, 9%, 4.8% |
| Italy | 22% | 10%, 5%, 4% |
| Latvia | 21% | 12%, 5% |
| Lithuania | 21% | 9%, 5% |
| Luxembourg | 17% | 14%, 8%, 3% |
| Malta | 18% | 12%, 7%, 5% |
| Netherlands | 21% | 9% |
| Poland | 23% | 8%, 5% |
| Portugal | 23% | 13%, 6% |
| Romania | 21% | 11% |
| Slovakia | 23% | 19%, 5% |
| Slovenia | 22% | 9.5%, 5% |
| Spain | 21% | 10%, 4% |
| Sweden | 25% | 12%, 6% |
| United Kingdom | 20% | 5% |
| Norway | 25% | 15%, 12% |
| Switzerland | 8.1% | 3.8%, 2.6% |
| Iceland | 24% | 11% |
| Turkey | 20% | 10%, 1% |
| Australia | 10% | None |
| Canada (federal GST) | 5% | None |
| Japan | 10% | 8% |
| New Zealand | 15% | None |
| Singapore | 9% | None |
| South Africa | 15% | None |
Questions about VAT
- How do you calculate VAT?
- Multiply the net price by the VAT rate to get the VAT, then add it on. At 20%, 100 × 0.20 = 20 of VAT, so the price with VAT is 120. In one step: net price × 1.20.
- How do you remove VAT from a price?
- Divide the VAT-inclusive price by 1 plus the rate. At 20%, 120 ÷ 1.20 = 100 before VAT. Don't subtract 20% of the total: 120 − 24 = 96 is wrong, because VAT is charged on the net price, not the gross.
- What is the OSS threshold?
- €10,000 a year, across all EU countries combined, of sales to consumers in EU countries other than your own. Below it you can charge your home country's VAT; above it you charge each buyer's country rate, reported through the One-Stop Shop.
- Which EU country has the highest VAT rate?
- Hungary, at 27%. Finland follows at 25.5%, then Croatia, Denmark and Sweden at 25%. Luxembourg has the lowest standard rate at 17%, then Malta at 18% and Germany and Cyprus at 19%.
- What is the UK VAT rate?
- The UK standard rate is 20%, with a 5% reduced rate for things like home energy and children's car seats, and 0% on most food, books and children's clothes. UK businesses register once their taxable turnover passes £90,000 a year; overseas sellers have no threshold.
Sources
- Tax Foundation: VAT rates in Europe
- European Commission: VAT rates
- European Commission: Taxes in Europe database
- European Commission: VAT One Stop Shop
- GOV.UK: VAT rates
- GOV.UK: VAT and overseas goods sold directly to customers in the UK
- GOV.UK: when to register for VAT
- Australian Taxation Office: GST
- Canada Revenue Agency: GST/HST rates
- Inland Revenue (New Zealand): GST
- IRAS (Singapore): current GST rates
- National Tax Agency (Japan): consumption tax
- South African Revenue Service: VAT
Do it with Replo
Build a page for each market
Replo builds a landing page per country, with local prices and copy for UK and EU shoppers.
Prompt: “build a landing page for UK shoppers with prices in pounds”
